Europe
The Paradox of Europe’s Defense Moment
The war in Ukraine has been a wakeup call for European countries, alerting them to the reality that defense matters. But do some recent promising steps in the right direction actually signal a revival of the European Union’s drive for strategic autonomy and…
The Post-INF European Missile Balance: Thinking About NATO’s Deterrence Strategy
The demise of the INF Treaty in 2019 raises questions about the future of deterrence in Europe. For more than a decade, Russia has sought to leverage the potential of precision-strike technologies to strengthen its missile arsenal, having developed systems…
Raison d’Etat: Richelieu’s Grand Strategy During the Thirty Years’ War
Renowned for his fierce intellect, mastery of the dark arts of propaganda, and unshakeable belief in the centralizing virtues of the French monarchy, Cardinal Richelieu’s actions as chief minister under Louis XIII from 1624 to 1642 have been heatedly debated…
The Good Friday Agreement: Ending War and Ending Conflict in Northern Ireland
The 1998 Agreement that ended Northern Ireland's bloody civil war has often been attributed to many of the remarkable individuals involved in the peace process. But how much of a difference did they really make? James Steinberg explores this question by…
Military Exercises as Geopolitical Messaging in the NATO-Russia Dynamic: Reassurance, Deterrence, and (In)stability
Military exercises are often viewed as geopolitical tools used to boost stability and enhance deterrence. However, they can sometimes have the exact opposite effect: increasing instability and contributing to dangerous levels of escalation. Nowhere is this…
Policy Roundtable: Trump and the Future of NATO
This roundtable, chaired by James Goldgeier, features essays on the future of NATO from three different European perspectives.
Roundtable Feature: Now What? Lessons for Europe from the NATO Summit
In this roundtable feature, Ulrike Franke urges Europe to get its house in order.